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Assalamualaikum and good day everyone, this is my blog entry for the subject Digital and Mobile Communication ITE 3563 concerning the topic ‘Supernova: The Star Explosion’.

Objective of this blog is, to let readers know about Supernova, natural disasters that take place on the top of the universe, with emphasized more on it's details and effects towards solar system and human kind. Enjoy and cheers!

SUPERNOVA EFFECTS ON HUMAN

The distance that the supernova is from Earth would affect how much it effects us. If our sun were to go supernova at this moment, there would be a seven minute delay until the light from the nova reaches us. It is likely that a "shock wave" would be produced and the earth would probably be destroyed very soon after we realize that a super nova has happened. 

• If a supernova occurred in Alpha Centauri, it would take 4 years for us to realize so, and the effects from such supernova are yet unknown, but would probably include an increase in radiation entering our solar system.

• It is likely that our Sun's magnetosphere would prevent a large amount of the radiation from getting into the solar system. It is also unlikely that any matter would have enough momentum to travel the 4 light years between Alpha Centuari and Sol (our sun).\

• Any super nova that occurs outside our own solar system would normally only increase the amount of radiation that impacts that magnetosphere. Supernovas that have occurred in the Milky Way Galaxy, in the past have had very little effect on Humans here on Earth. 

Born In The Wake Of Supernova (Source: youtube)

SUPERNOVA EFFECTS ON WORLD

Supernova can affect us in some important ways. First and foremost, we and much of the Earth are made of the material supernova created. According to current theories about the formation of the Universe, all of the original material in the Universe was hydrogen and helium, with very slight traces of some other materials. All the stuff we, and the Earth around us, are made of, like iron and oxygen and carbon, has come from that initial material being fused to form heavier elements in the cores of stars. But the heaviest elements, like iron, are only formed in the massive stars which end their lives in supernova. Our blood has iron in the hemoglobin which is vital to our ability to breath. So without supernova, most forms of life on Earth, including us, would not be possible. And much of the material the Earth is made of would not exist "scientifically", though as we already know the power of god, who created everything. 

Supernova's contribution to life. Illustration from: http://www.astrobio.net/albums/xsolar/abd.jpg

Supernova also create shock waves through the interstellar medium (the stuff between stars), compressing material there. Astronomers believe that these shock waves are vital to the process of star formation, causing large clouds of gas to collapse and form new stars. No supernova, no new stars.

Source : http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/

WHERE SUPERNOVA OCCUR?

Supernova are seen to occur in galaxies all over the Universe. Galaxies are basically classified into three major groups: spirals, elliptical  and irregulars. Now, Type II and Type Ibc supernova are seen to occur only in spiral and irregular galaxies, and these supernova also tend to be discovered in regions of these galaxies where star formation, particularly the formation of massive stars, most certainly has recently occurred in the last 10 million years or so. These supernova have not been seen in elliptical galaxies. It is therefore thought that these supernova arise from the explosions of massive stars in galaxies. Type Ia supernova are discovered in all three types of galaxies. But, Type Ia supernovae are generally not found near massive star formation. Since very little, if any, star formation occurs today in elliptical galaxies, it is thought that Type Ia supernova arise from older, less massive stars.

    The synthesis of the heavy elements is thought to occur in supernova, that being the only mechanism which presents itself to explain the observed abundances of heavy elements.

(Source: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/astro/snovcn.html)

TYPES OF SUPERNOVA

The appearance of the spectrum allows astronomers to classify supernova into two main types: Type I and Type II. Basically, supernova arise from two very different classes of stars, massive ones and old, non-massive ones. The Type II supernova very strongly show the presence of the element hydrogen in their spectra. Type I supernova do not show any hydrogen in their spectra. The astronomer Rudolf Minkowski discovered this distinction in 1941, and this classification scheme was used for about five decades. It was thought that Type II supernova are the explosions of massive stars, while Type I supernova arise from old, low-mass stars.

Types of Supernova (source from Wikipedia)

In about 1985, things got a little more complicated. Some Type I supernova discovered and studied in the early 1980s appeared to be peculiar in nature. They did not exhibit a characteristic spectral signature, thought to be due to the presence of silicon, seen in many other Type I supernova spectra. Additionally, a few of these peculiar supernova showed very strongly the presence of helium. Furthermore, these supernova appeared to be occurring among populations of massive stars in galaxies. For these reasons, it was realized that Type I supernova can be further sub-classified into those with the silicon spectral feature, and these were called Type Ia supernova, and those that do not show this feature, this latter group were called Type Ib supernova.

References :

http://staff.on.br/jlkm/astron2e/AT_MEDIA/CH21/CHAP21AT.HTM

http://centralastronomyclass.pbworks.com/w/page/15400704/Type%20II%20Supernovae

WHAT ARE SUPERNOVA?

        Supernova image (from: wikipedia)

Hello readers, thank you for spending your time here. Do you ever heard about Supernova? some of us might heard about it, and maybe saw some images of it, but what are Supernova actually? 

Supernova are exploding stars. They represent the very final stages of evolution for some stars. Supernova, as celestial events, are huge releases of tremendous energy, as the star ceases to exist, with about 10-20 times as much energy produced in the supernova explosion as our Sun releases every second. Our Sun, fortunately will not end it's life as a supernova.

NASA : Chandra's new image of Supernova remnant know as G350. 1-0.3.

Currently, supernova are only seen in galaxies other than Milky Way. We know that supernova have occurred in our Galaxy in the past, since both Tycho Brahe and his protege, Johannes Kepler, discovered bright supernova occurring in the Milky Way in 1572 and 1604, respectively. And, the Chinese, and others, have records of a "guest star" occurring in 1054 in the present constellation Taurus. Today, we see remnants of all three supernova, which appear as expanding clouds of gas, where each was originally discovered. However, No supernova has been seen in our Galaxy since Kepler's.

Here's a video showing the explanation of Supernova in more simplest way to understand, enjoy ;)

Source: youtube